Over a decade of rigorous clinical studies in Europe and elsewhere have established SAM-e (S-adenosyl-L-methionine, an essential methylation and transulfuration cofactor) as a useful tool for supporting normal mood regulation, and joint and liver health. SAM-e increases cell membrane fluidity, up-regulates neurotransmitter receptor number, and supports neurotransmitter receptor affinity. SAM-e supports healthy joints both by helping increase the number of articular chondrocytes and by stimulating the synthesis of sulfated proteoglycans therein.* SAM-e also protects synovial cells and helps block enzymes that degrade cartilage. SAM-e is a precursor of the critical antioxidant glutathione, a key molecule in the detoxification process in the liver. SAM-e Plus contains the tosylate form of SAM-e as used extensively in clinical trials, and includes several other ingredients found in studies to support and facilitate these functions.* SAM-e Plus tablets are enterically-coated, essential for preventing demethylation in the stomach.